With the rapid development of the transportation industry, the production of waste rubber (CR) has been increasing year by year. However, there is currently a lack of environmentally friendly and efficient recycling methods. Due to the inert surface and internal three-dimensional network structure of CR, the recycling and reuse process is hindered. Therefore, the desulfurization of CR through de-crosslinking has become a highly promising research direction. This article employs a Haake internal mixer to blend waste rubber powder with a desulfurizing agent (HDA) to investigate the effects of different process parameters and HDA on the desulfurization efficiency of rubber powder. By analyzing the influence of different mixing temperatures, speeds, and desulfurizing agent contents on the degree of chloroprene rubber (CR) desulfurization through sol content, Horikx curve, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and applying it to modified asphalt, good results have been achieved.